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ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Читайте также:
  1. ACTIVE VOCABULARY
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  3. ACTIVE VOCABULARY
  4. Active vocabulary
  5. Active vocabulary to remember
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  7. Active vocabulary to remember
  8. Active vocabulary to remember
  9. Additional Vocabulary
  10. ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

 

1. alarm n 1) a call to arms or action; a warning of danger: When the people in the street noticed the clouds of smoke coming out of the w indow, they gave the alarm. 2) a sudden feeling of fear and excitement because of the possible approach of danger: The mother rushed out of the house in alarm when she heard her son crying loudly in the yard.

an alarm bell: The soldiers were roused from their sleep by the sound of the alarm bell.

an alarm (clock): a clock that will ring and wake up a person at any time he wishes: I didn’t hear the alarm clock and overslept. She always sets the alarm for six o’clock.

a false alarm a hoax: There is nothing to be panicky about, it was a false alarm.

a burglar/car/fire alarm: Someone’s car alarm was going off. He set off the burglar alarm accidentally. No sooner had they seen the flame than they sounded the fire-alarm.

to give/raise/sound an alarm: Those who raise false alarms will get no help when help is needed.

to alarm vt to arouse to a sense of danger: The whole world is alarmed by these events.

alarming a exciting fear or anxiety: The news of an increase in violent crime countrywide was alarming.

alarmist n a panic-monger: He’s often subject to panic. An alarmist, that’s what he is.

2. fuss (about/around/with) vi to get nervous or excited: I wish you stopped fussing – I’ll be perfectly all right. Paul was fussing with his clothes, trying to get his tie straight.

fuss n unnecessary or irritating activity, especially in small matters: Until I heard her sing I couldn’t see what all the fuss was about.

to make/kick up a fuss about (over) smth to show too much anxiety or nervousness about smth: Why make all that fuss about trifles?

to make a fuss of smb (BrE)/over smb (AmE) to pay all sorts of little attentions to a person: They made a fuss of their guest, eager to please him.

fussy a paying too much attention to little, unimportant things: A lot of small children are fussy eaters.

to be fussy about smth: Should we be fussy about our clothes or food?

fussed (about)(BrE): to not mind what happens or is done: “Where do you want to go?” “I’m not fussed.”

fusspot (BrE)/fussbudget (AmE): someone who worries about unimportant things

3. lose vt/i to have no longer; to be deprived of: to lose one’s appetite/balance/money/life/ mind/job/sleep/voice, etc.; The boy lost his parents in the war. The boy lost 5 pence in a bet. I’ve lost the key to my suitcase.

to lose sight (track) of smb (smth) not to know where smb (smth) is: I lost sight of the boy in the crowd. We must never lose sight of the fact that man must work in harmony with nature. The policemen lost track of the thief.

to lose one’s temper/cool to get angry or impatient: Don’t lose your temper, try to control yourself.

to be lost in thought (wonder, admiration) to be absorbed in: The girl was gazing at the picture, lost in admiration.

to be lost (up)on smb to fail to impress or attract the attention of smb: My hints were lost upon my friend, he failed to notice any of them.

to lose one’s head to become confused or excited: She lost her head at the sight of the fire and started screaming instead of being useful.

to lose one’s heart to smb to fall in love with smb: Do you know that Jack has lost his heart to Gwendolen?

to lose heart to feel discouraged; to lose courage: Try not to lose heart – there are plenty of other jobs.

to lose face to stop having as much respect from other people: A settlement was reached in which neither side lost face.

loss n the act or fact of losing or having lost smth: The auto industry reported losses of $10 million last year. The company is closing down two of its factories, leading to 430 job losses. The soldier died from loss of blood/blood loss. Weight loss should be gradual. This is a type of hearing loss that affects language development. Do it without any loss of time. The regiment suffered heavy losses in the first battle.

to be at a loss to be puzzled and perplexed, not to know what to do: Nellie was seldom or never at a loss.

to operate/run at a loss to earn less money from smth you sell than it costs you to produce it: Two of the mines are running at a loss.

a loser n someone who is in the worse situation when they were or someone who has lost a competition, a game, etc.: He is a born loser. Unlike her brother, she becomes too upset if she loses – I’d describe her as a bad/sore loser.

lost property (BrE)/lost-and-found (AmE) a place where lost or accidentally left things are kept until someone claims them: Thankfully, someone had handed my bag into Lost Property.

4. addict n a person who is unable to free himself from a harmful habit: a recovering drug/morphine addict, a TV/sports addict, a coffee addict; My nephew is a complete video game addict.

addicted (to) a in need or in the habit of having: 50 million Americans are addicted to nicotine. An average kid is nowadays addicted to surfing the Net for hours.

addiction n the state of being addicted or an example of this: His addiction to alcohol ruined his first two marriages.

addictive a causing addiction, habit-forming: Do you really believe that tobacco is non-addictive?; Psychologists are no longer split on the issue of arcade games being highly addictive.

5. involve vt 1) to cause smb or smth to take part or be mixed up (in trouble, a difficult condition, etc.): I don’t want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame. They are deeply/heavily involved in debt. Parents need to be involved with their children's education. 2) to have as a necessary result: Most people don’t realize the amount of effort involved in writing a novel.

involvement n the condition of being involved: School officials say they welcome parental involvement. Donna knew nothing of her husband’s involvement with another woman.

involved a 1) complicated in form, etc.: It’s a very involved story and I kept getting confused. 2) (of people) closely concerned in relationships and activities with others, esp. in a personal relationship: The senator denied that he was romantically involved with a member of his staff. An essential element is good communication between the people involved.

uninvolved a not taking part in an activity or not being connected with it in some way: Unlike his wife, he preferred to stay uninvolved with the church.

6. sophisticated a 1) having lost natural simplicity through experience of the world: with sophisticated taste, sophisticated clothes; I feel rather gauche among all these sophisticated people. Her hair was swept up into a sophisticated style. Some highly sophisticated device was used to defuse the bomb. 2) (of mental activity) cultured, elaborate: a sophisticated discussion/argument

sophistication n the state of being sophisticated or an example of this: She entered the room with an air of great sophistication. New York club was the height of sophistication.

sophisticate n someone who is sophisticated

 

7. value n 1) the worth of smth in money or as compared with other goods for which it might be changed: The British pound has been steadily increasing in value. The mortgage is larger than the market value of the house. 2) the worth compared with the amount paid (often in the value for money): At $80 a night, the hotel is good/great/poor value (for money). 3) the (degree of) usefulness of smth, esp. in comparison with other things: His research has been of great/little practical value.

value vt 1) to calculate the value, price, or worth of: He valued the house and its contents at 42,000 pounds. 2) to consider smb or smth to be of great worth: Mr. Yeo valued her for her hard work.

valuable a of great value or use, precious: a valuable book; valuable property/furniture; valuable advice/initiative/information; That job gave me valuable experience. I won’t waste any more of your valuable time.8

valued a regarded as of great value: a valued possession, a valued friend/servant; valued advice/help

invaluable a exceedingly valuable: invaluable assistance, invaluable treasure

valueless a having no value, worthless: valueless currency; You are too late with your advice, it’s valueless now.

valuables n pl: things that you own that are worth a lot of money: Guests should leave their valuables in the hotel safe.

 

8. urge n a strong wish or need: He couldn’t resist the urge to go and see her. Suddenly she had an overwhelming urge to be with her son.

urge vt to ask earnestly, to plead with, to recommend strongly: I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. He urged that a referendum should be held by December.

urgent a 1) pressing, very important, requiring immediate action, or attention: urgent repairs, an urgent call/ letter/message, urgent business/action; He was in urgent need of medical attention. What are the urgent issues of the day? The matter is urgent. 2) earnest and persistent in making a demand, as an urgent creditor: The girl’s urgent entreaties had their effect.

urgently adv: Research was needed to avert sharp increases in infections.

urgency n the need for haste or immediate action: It is a matter of great urgency.

 

9. stuff n (informal) the material of which anything is made, usually solid substance: How do you think you’re going to fit all that stuff into a car? What kind of stuff do you like to read? He does mountain biking and skiing and stuff like that. He did great stuff in his early film.

stuff vt to pack tightly and untidily; to press tightly into smth: to stuff a bag full, to stuff someone’s head with nonsense, to stuff one’s mouth full; The kids have been stuffing themselves with candy., She stuffed the chicken with breadcrumbs, herbs and onion.

stuffed adj completely full, so that you cannot eat any more: No, no dessert, I’m stuffed.

stuffed animal/toy (AmE)/soft toy (BrE) a toy animal filled with soft material

stuffing n a mixture of breadcrumbs, rice, onion, etc. that one puts inside a chicken, pepper, etc. or any soft material used to fill something




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Answer the following questions and do the given assignment. | Study the essential vocabulary and translate the illustrative examples into Russian. | Read through the following phrasal verbs and translate the illustrative sentences into Russian. | Electronic Media (The Internet) | Read the following text on American and British print media and complete the gaps with the suitable words from the list below. | The Story So Far | Read the text on the current trends in TV broadcasting and do the tasks following it. | Mind Over Mass Media |


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