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Second language acquisition is the process by which people learn a second language in addition to their native language. Those who can communicate successfully can be considered as the one who has communicative competence. Communicative competence is the ability to interact well with others. Communication takes place in an infinitive variety of situations, and success in a particular role depends on ones understanding of the context and on prior experience of a similar kind. It requires making appropriate choices of register and style in terms of the situation and other participants. Hence, communicative competence deals with linguistic terms which refers to second languages learner ability. It does not only refer to a learners ability to apply and use grammatical rules, but also to form correct utterances, and know how to use these utterances appropriately and it implies to the communicative approach in language teaching. Communicative competence applies to both written and spoken language, as well as too many other symbolic systems. Communicative competence is relative, not absolute, and depends on the cooperation of all the participants involved. It makes sense, then, to speak of degrees of communicative competence. Communicative competence is a broad term that involves not only the structural features of language, but also its social, pragmatic and contextual characteristics. There are four areas of communicative competence, they are:
1. Grammatical competence. It refers to the ability of speakers in using the different functioning rules of the system of their language
2.Sociolinguistic competence. It refers to the ability of speakers in producing sentences according to the communicative situation.
3.Discourse competence. It refers to the ability of speakers to use the different types of discourse. Usually language users know what is being referred to in different contexts, i.e. they distinguish between new and old information, and are able to determine the discourse topics. For instance, speakers know when a "he" refers to "John" or to "the child" according to the text context in the sentence: John went to the park, and he found a child who was sick.
4.Strategic competence. It refers to the knowledge speakers have to maintain communication. Therefore, this competence accounts for the strategies language users have to be understood, and to understand others. Gestures, expressions, mimics and intonation are among others some of the most strategies used.
Communicative competence have been defined and discussed in many different ways by language scholars of different fields. With the change of focus from grammar to communicative approach, second language teachers and researchers can see the notion of the communicative competence within language learning. Here, Communicative competence has come to play an important role in the field pedagogic.
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