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East Asia, in general terms, consists of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea and North Korea; sometimes, Mongoliaand Vietnam are included in the definition. The major ethnicities of East Asia are: Han, Yamato, and Korean. Other ethnic groups of East Asia include: Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, Manchu, and Mongol. Geographically East Asians farther north would also include groups such as the Buryats, Evenks, Yakuts, but due to the national and political dividing lines, the inclusion of East Asians north of China and Mongolia is not considered.
Mainly, the language families or isolates of East Asia are: Sinitic, Tibeto-Burman, Japonic, Ainu languages, the Korean language,Mongolic, Tungusic, Turkic, Miao–Yao, Tai–Kadai and Mon–Khmer;
The dominant influence historically has been China, whose area of cultural influence is generally known as the Sinosphere. Evidence of this can be seen in the cuisine, architecture, and lexicons, for example, throughout the region; in modern times, however, cultural exchange has flowed more bi-directionally. Major characteristics of this region include shared Chinese-derived language characteristics, as well as similar social and moral philosophies derived from Confucianism.
The script of the Han Chinese has long been a unifying feature in East Asia as the vehicle for Chinese culture. It was passed on first toKorea, Vietnam in the 1st century, then to Japan, where it forms a major component of the Japanese writing system. In Korea, however,Sejong the Great invented the hangul alphabet as a simpler alternative to Chinese characters (hanja), which it has largely supplanted as the main orthographic system for the Korean language. A similar phenomenon occurred in Vietnam, where the Chinese-based Chữ nômscript once used to write the Vietnamese language has been gradually superseded by the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet since the area's absorption into the French colonial empire. In Japan, much of the Japanese language is written in hiragana, katakana in addition to Chinese characters. East Asian countries, in particular China and Japan, an individual's educational level is traditionally measured by their quality of calligraphy] and the number of characters within their vocabulary rather than diction, as is sometimes the case inthe West.
Japan, Korea and Vietnam, though not Chinese-speaking regions, have had their languages influenced by Chinese to some extent.[ Even though their writing systems have changed over time, Chinese is still found in the historical roots of many borrowed words, especially technical terms
Apart from the unifying influence of Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese characters, and other Chinese cultural influences, there is nevertheless much diversity between the countries of the region
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