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The purposes of modernization are directed on achievement of such social values, as economic growth, equality, democracy, stability, welfare, justice, an order.

Allocate the following purposes of political modernization:

– creation of new political institutes for the solution of constantly extending circle of social and economic problems;

– change of political orientations of elite and leaders on open fight;

– formation of rational bureaucracy.

The main directions of modernization in the modern world:

– processes of industrialization of society;

– formation of ecological society, introduction of environmentally safe technologies;

– democratization of society, expansion of participation of the population in management of public affairs, responsibility of the power before society;

– an orientation of the social sphere towards increase of welfare of bulk of the population, overcoming of a social gap between members of society;

– ensuring availability of education and its the quality, guaranteeing possibility of vigorous activity and success in the new, changing system of the social relations;

– expansion of the sphere of freedom of the person, growth of possibility of a choice and independence of pressure of traditions, Wednesdays, places of residence.

Generally, theory accounts of political modernization have been careful not to conflate modernization and democratization. Political modernization theories, whether following functionalist or market models, defined democracy as formal democracy, in effect the exercise of citizenship rights by the propertied class. It is significant that the key of theories of politilcal modernization make democracy contingent upon economic growth, because is incompatible with a low level of development of techno economic structure. Accordingly, modernization is essentially social engineering from above and an operation of political containment rather than democratization. Stages theory of political modernization could accommodate any form of authoritarianism " necessary " stage towards transcendence - provided they were not communist;hence the crucial distinction between authoritarian and totalitarian political system. The theory of modernization has been emphatic in distancing itself from Marxism, the main source of bourgeois angst. Time and again theory of modernization has been defined as way of class compromise and not class struggle.

2)For an example so-called original modernization, it is characteristic for the USA and countries of Western Europe which carried out transition to a rational social system as a result of long natural internal development. The second type – secondary modernization – was characteristic for the countries which lagged behind in the development and trying to catch up with front lines the accelerated rates due to use of experience of the developed countries. Developing countries freed from colonial dependence (the country of South America, Southeast Asia), and also the country of Eastern Europe, the CIS treat this group. Modern researchers of political modernization focus the main attention on difficulties of political development, the crisis phenomena.

В политологии переход от одного типа политической системы к другому обозначается терминами «политическое развитие» или «политическая модернизация».

Политическая модернизация – возрастание способности политической системы адаптироваться к новым образцам социальных целей и создавать новые виды институтов, обеспечивающих развитие социальной системы. Модернизация обусловлена объективными (социально-экономическими и культурными) и субъективными (способность политического руководства осуществить эффективное изменение политической системы) факторами.

В теории политической модернизации часть социальной модернизации, когда преобразования происходят во всех основных сферах социальной системы: экономике, социальной сфере, культуре, образовании и т. д. Выбор варианта модернизации начинается в сфере политики – с проявления политической воли к изменениям. Последовательно проведенная политическая модернизация служит фактором, гарантом обеспечения последовательности модернизации других сфер общественной жизни.